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The ancients "regarded organs and their placement as epiphenomena of a greater world order". [11] The absence of words associated with female anatomy shows that people did not want to see a difference between the male and female body. [12] Laqueur argues that philosophers like Aristotle share Galen's views about the one-sex model.
She gave the participants a questionnaire which included an ambiguous picture to describe and her number to call if they had any further questions. The idea of this study was to find which group of males were more likely to call the female experimenter and to measure the sexual content of the stories the men wrote after crossing one of the bridges.
The oldest quantitative laws in psychology are Weber's law, which states that the smallest noticeable difference in stimulus intensity is proportional to the intensity of the reference; and Fechner's law, which quantifies the relationship between the intensity of the physical stimulus and its perceptual counterpart (e.g., testing how much ...
Importantly, individuals can also differ not only in their current state, but in the magnitude or even direction of response to a given stimulus. [5] Such phenomena, often explained in terms of inverted-U response curves, place differential psychology at an important location in such endeavours as personalized medicine, in which diagnoses are customised for an individual's response profile.
The Papez-Maclean theory is another influential theory of emotion that differs from the Cannon–Bard theory in terms of the area that is considered to be responsible for emotion expression. James Papez [ 16 ] initially suggested that the interconnections among structures of the limbic system were ideally constituted to handle the long-lasting ...
The Gestalt theory was founded in the 20th century in Austria and Germany as a reaction against the associationist and structural schools' atomistic orientation. [2] In 1912, the Gestalt school was formed by Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka. The word "gestalt" is a German word translated to English as "pattern" or "configuration."
Laszlo Garai's writings in theoretical psychology, general psychology and brain research. Theory of Psychology and other Human Sciences (Documents No. 9 and 10 in English) Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Gerhard Medicus (2017). Being Human – Bridging the Gap between the Sciences of Body and Mind, Berlin VWB. Gerhard Medicus (2017).
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. The concepts of schema and conceptual models are cognitively adjacent. Elsewhere, it is used to refer to the "mental model" theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M. J. Byrne.