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In 8086, the main stack register is called "stack pointer" (SP). The stack segment register (SS) is usually used to store information about the memory segment that stores the call stack of currently executed program. SP points to current stack top. By default, the stack grows downward in memory, so newer values are placed at lower memory addresses.
R7 is the program counter. Any register can be a stack pointer but R6 is used for hardware interrupts and traps. VAX [32] 16: The general purpose registers are used for floating-point values as well. Three of the registers have special uses: R12 (Argument Pointer), R13 (Frame Pointer), and R14 (Stack Pointer), while R15 refers to the Program ...
A typical stack, storing local data and call information for nested procedure calls (not necessarily nested procedures). This stack grows downward from its origin. The stack pointer points to the current topmost datum on the stack. A push operation decrements the pointer and copies the data to the stack; a pop operation copies data from the ...
An example of information contained within a TCB is: Thread Identifier: Unique id (tid) is assigned to every new thread; Stack pointer: Points to thread's stack in the process; Program counter: Points to the current program instruction of the thread; State of the thread (running, ready, waiting, start, done) Thread's register values
The instruction counter is at the lower left. The program counter ( PC ), [ 1 ] commonly called the instruction pointer ( IP ) in Intel x86 and Itanium microprocessors , and sometimes called the instruction address register ( IAR ), [ 2 ] [ 1 ] the instruction counter , [ 3 ] or just part of the instruction sequencer, [ 4 ] is a processor ...
These have only an 8-bit stack pointer (in SPL), and only support the 12-bit relative jump/call instructions RJMP/RCALL. (Because the AVR program counter counts 16-bit words, not bytes, a 12-bit offset is sufficient to address 2 13 bytes of ROM.) Additional memory addressing capabilities are present as required to access available resources:
In a language with free pointers or non-checked array writes (such as in C), the mixing of control flow data which affects the execution of code (the return addresses or the saved frame pointers) and simple program data (parameters or return values) in a call stack is a security risk, and is possibly exploitable through stack buffer overflows ...
A stack may be implemented as, for example, a singly linked list with a pointer to the top element. A stack may be implemented to have a bounded capacity. If the stack is full and does not contain enough space to accept another element, the stack is in a state of stack overflow. A stack is needed to implement depth-first search.