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This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison. As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium.
From 2002 to 2007 helium prices doubled. [83] ... beryllium, or boron. Helium-4 nuclear binding per nucleon is stronger than in any of these elements ...
Beryllium could be produced by reducing beryllium compounds such as beryllium chloride with metallic potassium or sodium. Currently, most beryllium is produced by reducing beryllium fluoride with magnesium. [76] The price on the American market for vacuum-cast beryllium ingots was about $338 per pound ($745 per kilogram) in 2001. [77]
The beryllium oxide helium adduct, HeBeO is believed to be bonded much more strongly than a normal van der Waals molecule with about 5 kcal/mol of binding energy. The bond is enhanced by a dipole induced positive charge on beryllium, and a vacancy in the σ orbital on beryllium where it faces the helium. [100] [101]
Nuclear fusion reaction of two helium-4 nuclei produces beryllium-8, which is highly unstable, and decays back into smaller nuclei with a half-life of 8.19 × 10 −17 s, unless within that time a third alpha particle fuses with the beryllium-8 nucleus [3] to produce an excited resonance state of carbon-12, [4] called the Hoyle state, which ...
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Beryllium alloys are used for mechanical parts when stiffness, light weight, and dimensional stability are required over a wide temperature range. [69] [70] Beryllium-9 is used in small-scale neutron sources that use the reaction 9 Be + 4 He (α) → 12 C + 1 n, the reaction used by James Chadwick when he discovered the neutron.
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