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Actinomyces is a genus of the Actinomycetia class of bacteria. They all are Gram-positive and facultatively anaerobic , growing best under anaerobic conditions. [ 2 ] Actinomyces species may form endospores , and while individual bacteria are rod-shaped , Actinomyces colonies form fungus -like branched networks of hyphae . [ 3 ]
While this role is also played by fungi, Actinomycetota are much smaller and likely do not occupy the same ecological niche. In this role the colonies often grow extensive mycelia , as fungi do, and the name of an important order of the phylum, Actinomycetales (the actinomycetes), reflects that they were long believed to be fungi.
Actinomycetales can be found mostly in soil and decaying organic matter, as well as in living organisms such as humans and animals. They form symbiotic nitrogen fixing associations with over 200 species of plants, and can also serve as growth promoting or biocontrol agents, or cause disease in some species of plants.
Frankia is a gram-positive Bacteria that is found on the roots of plants. The fact that Frankia is gram-positive means that the bacteria is made up of thick cell walls made out of protein called peptidologlycan. This helps with the resistance of the heavy metals that may be in the degraded soil.
The Actinomycetaceae (often called actinomycetes or mycelial bacteria) are a family of bacteria in the order Actinomycetales that contains the medically important genus Actinomyces. These organisms are closely related to the mycobacteria, but were originally classified as fungi because they were thought to be transitional forms between bacteria ...
The genus name, Actinomyces, borrows from the Greek words "aktinos" and "mykēs" which refer to ray and fungus, respectively. [3] When combined, Actinomyces translates to "ray fungus", reflecting the radial arrangement of filaments in addition to the presence of asexual spores, both of which are characteristic of filamentous fungus. [3]
These bacteria could fix nitrogen, in time multiplied, and as a result released oxygen into the atmosphere. [2] [3] This led to more advanced microorganisms, [4] [5] which are important because they affect soil structure and fertility. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. Each of these ...
Scanning electron micrograph of Actinomyces israelii. Scientific classification; Domain: Bacteria: Phylum: Actinomycetota: Class: Actinomycetia (Stackebrandt et al. 1997) Salam et al. 2020 [1] Type genus; Actinomyces