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The canonical form of a graph is an example of a complete graph invariant: every two isomorphic graphs have the same canonical form, and every two non-isomorphic graphs have different canonical forms. [1] [2] Conversely, every complete invariant of graphs may be used to construct a canonical form. [3]
A canonical form is a labeled graph Canon(G) that is isomorphic to G, such that every graph that is isomorphic to G has the same canonical form as G. Thus, from a solution to the graph canonization problem, one could also solve the problem of graph isomorphism : to test whether two graphs G and H are isomorphic, compute their canonical forms ...
In linear algebra, a Jordan normal form, also known as a Jordan canonical form, [1] [2] is an upper triangular matrix of a particular form called a Jordan matrix representing a linear operator on a finite-dimensional vector space with respect to some basis.
The original formulation is based on graph canonization, a normal form for graphs, while there is also a combinatorial interpretation in the spirit of color refinement and a connection to logic. There are several versions of the test (e.g. k-WL and k-FWL) referred to in the literature by various names, which easily leads to confusion.
The form reflects a minimal decomposition of the vector space into subspaces that are cyclic for A (i.e., spanned by some vector and its repeated images under A). Since only one normal form can be reached from a given matrix (whence the "canonical"), a matrix B is similar to A if and only if it has the same rational canonical form as A.
In Boolean algebra, any Boolean function can be expressed in the canonical disjunctive normal form , [1] minterm canonical form, or Sum of Products (SoP or SOP) as a disjunction (OR) of minterms. The De Morgan dual is the canonical conjunctive normal form ( CCNF ), maxterm canonical form , or Product of Sums ( PoS or POS ) which is a ...
ANF is a canonical form, which means that two logically equivalent formulas will convert to the same ANF, easily showing whether two formulas are equivalent for automated theorem proving. Unlike other normal forms, it can be represented as a simple list of lists of variable names— conjunctive and disjunctive normal forms also require ...
In mathematics, an automatic group is a finitely generated group equipped with several finite-state automata.These automata represent the Cayley graph of the group. That is, they can tell whether a given word representation of a group element is in a "canonical form" and can tell whether two elements given in canonical words differ by a generator.
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