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  2. k-means clustering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means_clustering

    k-means clustering is a method of vector quantization, originally from signal processing, that aims to partition n observations into k clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean (cluster centers or cluster centroid), serving as a prototype of the cluster.

  3. k-nearest neighbors algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm

    That is, examples of a more frequent class tend to dominate the prediction of the new example, because they tend to be common among the k nearest neighbors due to their large number. [6] One way to overcome this problem is to weight the classification, taking into account the distance from the test point to each of its k nearest neighbors.

  4. Determining the number of clusters in a data set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determining_the_number_of...

    The average silhouette of the data is another useful criterion for assessing the natural number of clusters. The silhouette of a data instance is a measure of how closely it is matched to data within its cluster and how loosely it is matched to data of the neighboring cluster, i.e., the cluster whose average distance from the datum is lowest. [8]

  5. k-means++ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means++

    In data mining, k-means++ [1] [2] is an algorithm for choosing the initial values (or "seeds") for the k-means clustering algorithm. It was proposed in 2007 by David Arthur and Sergei Vassilvitskii, as an approximation algorithm for the NP-hard k-means problem—a way of avoiding the sometimes poor clusterings found by the standard k-means algorithm.

  6. t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-distributed_stochastic...

    scikit-learn, a popular machine learning library in Python implements t-SNE with both exact solutions and the Barnes-Hut approximation. Tensorboard, the visualization kit associated with TensorFlow, also implements t-SNE (online version) The Julia package TSne implements t-SNE

  7. Neighbourhood components analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbourhood_components...

    Neighbourhood components analysis is a supervised learning method for classifying multivariate data into distinct classes according to a given distance metric over the data. . Functionally, it serves the same purposes as the K-nearest neighbors algorithm and makes direct use of a related concept termed stochastic nearest neighbo

  8. Confusion matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confusion_matrix

    The template for any binary confusion matrix uses the four kinds of results discussed above (true positives, false negatives, false positives, and true negatives) along with the positive and negative classifications.

  9. Brier score - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brier_score

    However, a BSS near 100% should not typically be expected because this would require that every probability prediction was nearly 0 or 1 (and was correct of course). Even if the Brier score is a strictly proper scoring rule , the BSS is not strictly proper: indeed, skill scores are generally non-proper even if the underlying scoring rule is ...