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An ossification center is a point where ossification of the hyaline cartilage begins. The first step in ossification is that the chondrocytes at this point become hypertrophic and arrange themselves in rows. [1] The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other.
The dens, also called the odontoid process, or the peg, is the most pronounced projecting feature of the axis. The dens exhibits a slight constriction where it joins the main body of the vertebra. The condition where the dens is separated from the body of the axis is called os odontoideum and may cause nerve and circulation compression syndrome ...
The ligament of apex dentis (or apical odontoid ligament) is a ligament that spans between the second cervical vertebra in the neck and the skull.It lies as a fibrous cord in the triangular interval between the alar ligaments, which extends from the tip of the odontoid process on the axis to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum, being intimately blended with the deep portion of the ...
The dens itself is vulnerable to fracture due to trauma or ossification. Transverse ligament: Should the transverse ligament of the atlas fail due to trauma or disease, the dens is no longer anchored and can travel up the cervical spine, causing paralysis. If it reaches the medulla death can result.
Diagnosis requires confluent ossification of at least four contiguous vertebral bodies. [2] Classically, advanced disease may have "melted candle wax" appearance along the spine on radiographic studies. [13] In some cases, DISH may be manifested as ossification, or enthesis, in other parts of the skeleton.
The anterior arch forms about one-fifth of the ring: its anterior surface is convex, and presents at its center the anterior tubercle for the attachment of the longus colli muscles and the anterior longitudinal ligament; posteriorly it is concave, and marked by a smooth, oval or circular facet (fovea dentis), for articulation with the odontoid process (dens) of the axis.
ConeBeam computerized tomography image of a post-operative orthognathic surgery. Oral and maxillofacial radiology, also known as dental and maxillofacial radiology, or even more common DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology, is the specialty of dentistry concerned with performance and interpretation of diagnostic imaging used for examining the craniofacial, dental and adjacent structures.
A schematic for long bone endochondral ossification. In developing bones, ossification commences within the primary ossification center located in the center of the diaphysis (bone shaft), [5] where the following changes occur: The perichondrium surrounding the cartilage model transforms into the periosteum. During this transformation, special ...