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Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability. [1] The average IQ in males with FXS is under 55, while about two thirds of affected females are intellectually disabled.
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder most frequently seen in male premutation carriers of Fragile X syndrome (FXS) over the age of 50. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The main clinical features of FXTAS include problems of movement with cerebellar gait ataxia and action tremor .
The condition is commonly inherited in connection with fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is also the second most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. [1] The condition is also a rare sign of McCune–Albright syndrome. [2] The opposite of macroorchidism is called microorchidism, which is the condition of abnormally small testes.
Fountain syndrome; Foville's syndrome; Fragile X syndrome; Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome; Franceschetti–Klein syndrome; Frank–ter Haar syndrome; Fraser syndrome; Frasier syndrome; Freeman–Sheldon syndrome; Frey's syndrome; Froin's syndrome; Fryns syndrome; Functional somatic syndrome
Sherman theorized that the gene responsible for fragile X syndrome becomes mutated through a two-step process. The first mutation, called the 'premutation', doesn't cause any clinical symptoms. A second mutation was required to convert the 'premutation' into a 'full mutation' capable of causing the clinical symptoms associated with fragile X ...
Without adequate FMR1, severe learning disabilities or intellectual disabilities can develop, along with physical abnormalities seen in fragile X syndrome. Fewer than 1% of all cases of fragile X syndrome are caused by mutations that delete part or all of the FMR1 gene, or change a base pair, leading to a change in one of the amino acids in the ...
A brief history: 1943: Martin and Bell described the first pedigree of inherited mental retardation 1965: The first “fragile site” on a chromosome is discovered (Debakin). 1968: Fragile sites were shown to be inherited chromosomal features (Lejeune et al.) 1969: X-linked inheritance pattern is recognized as the cause for male preponderance ...
The first trinucleotide repeat disease to be identified was fragile X syndrome, which has since been mapped to the long arm of the X chromosome. Patients carry from 230 to 4000 CGG repeats in the gene that causes fragile X syndrome, while unaffected individuals have up to 50 repeats and carriers of the disease have 60 to 230 repeats.