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  2. Reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflex

    In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action [1] and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus. [2] [3] The simplest reflex is initiated by a stimulus, which activates an afferent nerve. The signal is then passed to a response neuron, which generates a response.

  3. Orienting response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orienting_response

    ) reflex. The orienting response is a reaction to novel or significant stimuli. In the 1950s the orienting response was studied systematically by the Russian scientist Evgeny Sokolov , who documented the phenomenon called " habituation ", referring to a gradual "familiarity effect" and reduction of the orienting response with repeated stimulus ...

  4. List of reflexes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_reflexes

    Hering–Breuer reflex — is a reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lung; Hoffmann's reflex — also known as the finger flexor reflex; middle finger and thumb response. Test can indicate both neurological damage and nerve regeneration; often combined with the Babinski reflex test. Jaw jerk reflex

  5. Motor control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_control

    However, there is some evidence to suggest that the gain or magnitude of these reflexes can be adjusted by context and experience. [29] Polysynaptic reflexes or long-loop reflexes are reflex arcs which involve more than a single synaptic connection in the spinal cord. These loops may include cortical regions of the brain as well, and are thus ...

  6. Antecedent (behavioral psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antecedent_(behavioral...

    [2] Both of these learning strategies can be a result of an antecedent. Classical conditioning was first discovered by Pavlov, who studied digestive reflexes in dogs- the results showed that different stimuli (different types of food) elicit different reflexes and responses (different compositions of saliva). [3]

  7. Ideomotor phenomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideomotor_phenomenon

    The associated term "ideo-dynamic response" (or "reflex") applies to a wider domain, and extends to the description of all bodily reactions (including ideo-motor and ideo-sensory responses) caused in a similar manner by certain ideas, e.g., the salivation often caused by imagining sucking a lemon, which is a secretory response.

  8. Startle response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startle_response

    Usually the onset of the startle response is a startle reflex reaction. The startle reflex is a brainstem reflectory reaction (reflex) that serves to protect vulnerable parts, such as the back of the neck (whole-body startle) and the eyes (eyeblink) and facilitates escape from sudden stimuli. It is found across many different species ...

  9. Mental chronometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_chronometry

    Mental chronometry is one of the core methodological paradigms of human experimental, cognitive, and differential psychology, but is also commonly analyzed in psychophysiology, cognitive neuroscience, and behavioral neuroscience to help elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying perception, attention, and decision-making in humans and other ...