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The 8086 [3] (also called iAPX 86) [4] is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 [citation needed] and June 8, 1978, when it was released. [5] The Intel 8088, released July 1, 1979, [6] is a slightly modified chip with an external 8-bit data bus (allowing the use of cheaper and fewer supporting ICs), [note 1] and is notable as the processor used in the original IBM ...
Below is the full 8086/8088 instruction set of Intel (81 instructions total). [2] These instructions are also available in 32-bit mode, in which they operate on 32-bit registers (eax, ebx, etc.) and values instead of their 16-bit (ax, bx, etc.) counterparts.
x86 (also known as 80x86 [3] or the 8086 family [4]) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures [a] initially developed by Intel, based on the 8086 microprocessor and its 8-bit-external-bus variant, the 8088.
reengineered P6-based microarchitecture used in Intel Core 2 and Xeon microprocessors, built on a 65 nm process, supporting x86-64 level SSE instruction and macro-op fusion and enhanced micro-op fusion with a wider front end and decoder, larger out-of-order core and renamed register, support loop stream detector and large shadow register file.
To use virtual 8086 mode, an operating system sets up a virtual 8086 mode monitor, which is a program that manages the real-mode program and emulates or filters access to system hardware and software resources. The monitor must run at privilege level 0 and in protected mode. Only the 8086 program runs in VM86 mode and at privilege level 3.
The 8088, a version of the 8086 that used an 8-bit external data bus, was the microprocessor in the first IBM PC. Intel then released the 80186 and 80188 , the 80286 and, in 1985, the 32-bit 80386 , cementing their PC market dominance with the processor family's backwards compatibility.
In real mode, code may also modify the CS register by making a far jump (or using an undocumented POP CS instruction on the 8086 or 8088). [4] Of course, in real mode, there are no privilege levels; all programs have absolute unchecked access to all of memory and all CPU instructions.
The V30 was a factory upgrade from the 8086 used in the GTD-5 EAX Class 5 central office switch. It was also used in the Psion Series 3 , the NEC PC-9801 VM, the Olivetti PCS86, the Applied Engineering "PC Transporter" card for the Apple II series of computers, and in various arcade machines (particularly ones made by Irem ) in the late 1980s.