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By 2024, Russia's FX reserves were estimated to be around $570 billion to $600 billion, with a substantial portion in gold, yuan, and other non-traditional reserve assets. The total value fluctuates due to changes in the exchange rates of the reserve currencies and adjustments to gold holdings.
€12.70 (US$14.2) per hour, with sub-minimal rates for those aged 19 €11.43 (90% minimum), aged 18 €10.16 (80% minimum) and for those under the age of 18 €8.89 (70% of minimum) [111] Eurostat calculates the monthly rate for Ireland as (hourly rate x 39 hours x 52 weeks) / 12 months.
Each currency typically has a main currency unit (the dollar, for example, or the euro) and a fractional unit, often defined as 1 ⁄ 100 of the main unit: 100 cents = 1 dollar, 100 centimes = 1 franc, 100 pence = 1 pound, although units of 1 ⁄ 10 or 1 ⁄ 1000 occasionally also occur.
According to another estimate, between 1982 and 2004 the government spent 65 billion Egyptian pounds (about US$10.73 billion at the exchange rate of 2004 [62]) for water supply and sanitation, of which 40% was recovered through tariff revenues. [63] The average bill collection rate (total collection efficiency) was estimated at 47% in 2012/13. [48]
With rising oil revenues, the Sudanese economy was booming, with a growth rate of about nine percent in 2007. The independence of oil-rich South Sudan , however, placed most major oil fields out of the Sudanese government's direct control and oil production in Sudan fell from around 450,000 barrels per day (72,000 m 3 /d) to under 60,000 ...
In 2004-5, it cost 105 million pounds to run the Ordnance Survey, but the total of government grants was 1 thousand pounds. All thanks to the wonder of copyright! By contrast, the United States Geological Survey (which admittedly does more than maps) has a government budget of $938 million.
This is why some civilizations suddenly expand wildly and at other times remain relatively passive for centuries – it’s largely expansion because 1) I can 2) It’s profitable. The question is really what creates the surplus in the first place – sometimes it’s a leader, sometimes it’s new technology and at other times it’s a boom in ...
Melvyn Paisley, appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1981 by Republican President Ronald Reagan, [280] was found to have accepted hundreds of thousands of dollars in bribes. He pleaded guilty to bribery, resigned his office and served four years in prison. [281] [282]