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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. [1] Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, [1] [3] but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. [1] There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speech. [1]
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) is the rate at which red blood cells in anticoagulated whole blood descend in a standardized tube over a period of one hour. It is a common hematology test, and is a non-specific measure of inflammation .
Because cerebral palsy has "varying severity and complexity" across the lifespan, [3] it can be considered a collection of conditions for management purposes. [4] A multidisciplinary approach for cerebral palsy management is recommended, [ 3 ] focusing on "maximising individual function, choice and independence" in line with the International ...
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is a non-progressive, non-reversible disease. The current management is symptomatic, since there is no cure. The main goal is to improve daily activity, quality of life and autonomy of the children by creating a timed and targeted management.
The types of spastic cerebral palsy are generally distinguished by the primary areas of the body that are affected. [2] Spastic hemiplegia Hemiplegia is a type of cerebral palsy affecting one vertical half of the body (such as one arm and one leg). [15] [16] The affected side of the body is opposite the affected area of the brain in hemiplegia.
Spastic quadriplegia also presents a range of symptoms that affect the musculature. Many experience contractures, which are defined as joints that cannot be stretched or moved. Clonus is another symptom that is characterized by alternating, rapid muscle contraction and relaxation. This presents itself as tremors and scissoring of the limbs.
Ataxic cerebral palsy is known to decrease muscle tone. [3] The most common manifestation of ataxic cerebral palsy is intention (action) tremor, which is especially apparent when carrying out precise movements, such as tying shoe laces or writing with a pencil. This symptom gets progressively worse as the movement persists, causing the hand to ...
Spastic diplegia is a form of cerebral palsy (CP) that primarily affects the legs, with possible considerable asymmetry between the two sides. It is a chronic neuromuscular condition of hypertonia and spasticity in the muscles of the lower extremities of the human body, manifested as an especially high and constant "tightness" or "stiffness", [1] [2] usually in the legs, hips and pelvis.