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In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (pl.: schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of ...
Categorization is a type of cognition involving conceptual differentiation between characteristics of conscious experience, such as objects, events, or ideas.It involves the abstraction and differentiation of aspects of experience by sorting and distinguishing between groupings, through classification or typification [1] [2] on the basis of traits, features, similarities or other criteria that ...
An image schema (both schemas and schemata are used as plural forms) is a recurring structure within our cognitive processes which establishes patterns of understanding and reasoning. As an understudy to embodied cognition , image schemas are formed from our bodily interactions, [ 1 ] from linguistic experience, and from historical context.
Cultural schema theory is a cognitive theory that explains how people organize and process information about events and objects in their cultural environment. [1] According to the theory, individuals rely on schemas, or mental frameworks, to understand and make sense of the world around them.
In 1973 Simon and Chase were the first to use the term "chunk" to describe how people might organize information in short-term memory. [10] This chunking of memory components has also been described as schema construction. [citation needed] In the late 1980s John Sweller developed cognitive load theory (CLT) while studying problem solving. [2]
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. The concepts of schema and conceptual models are cognitively adjacent. Elsewhere, it is used to refer to the "mental model" theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M. J. Byrne.
A schema is a script that has the potential to lack the specificity of the sequence of events. A schema being a script is when there is an ordering to it that requires action, an example of that being the process of starting up a car (get in, put on your seatbelt, turn the car on, turn off the emergency brake, etc.).
A collection of self-schemas makes up one's overall self-concept. For example, the statement "I am lazy" is a self-assessment that contributes to self-concept. Statements such as "I am tired", however, would not be part of someone's self-concept, since being tired is a temporary state and therefore cannot become a part of a self-schema.