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In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (pl.: schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of ...
Schemas can be described as mental guidelines (scripts) for events that are encountered in daily life. [16] For example, when going to the gas station, there is a general pattern of how things will occur (i.e. turn car off, get out of car, open gas tank, punch the gas button, put nozzle into the tank, fill up the tank, put the nozzle back ...
An image schema (both schemas and schemata are used as plural forms) is a recurring structure within our cognitive processes which establishes patterns of understanding and reasoning. As an understudy to embodied cognition , image schemas are formed from our bodily interactions, [ 1 ] from linguistic experience, and from historical context.
Social schema theory builds on and uses terminology from schema theory in cognitive psychology, which describes how ideas or "concepts" are represented in the mind and how they are categorized. According to this view, when we see or think of a concept a mental representation or schema is "activated" bringing to mind other information which is ...
In 1973 Simon and Chase were the first to use the term "chunk" to describe how people might organize information in short-term memory. [10] This chunking of memory components has also been described as schema construction. [citation needed] In the late 1980s John Sweller developed cognitive load theory (CLT) while studying problem solving. [2]
Cultural schema theory is a cognitive theory that explains how people organize and process information about events and objects in their cultural environment. [1] According to the theory, individuals rely on schemas, or mental frameworks, to understand and make sense of the world around them.
This stage is associated primarily with the discovery of new means to meet goals. Piaget describes the child at this juncture as the "young scientist," conducting pseudo-experiments to discover new methods of meeting challenges. [37] 6 Internalization of schemas: 18–24 months
A cognitive distortion is a thought that causes a person to perceive reality inaccurately due to being exaggerated or irrational.Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety.