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Various items in Aomori Prefecture featuring kogin-zashi patterns. Kogin-zashi (こぎん刺し) is one of the techniques of sashiko, or traditional Japanese decorative reinforcement stitching, that originated in the part of present-day Aomori Prefecture controlled by the Tsugaru clan during the Edo period (1603-1867).
Many sashiko patterns were derived from Chinese designs, but just as many were developed by native Japanese embroiderers; for example, the style known as kogin-zashi, which generally consists of diamond-shaped patterns in horizontal rows, is a distinctive variety of sashiko that was developed in Aomori Prefecture.
c: c: t͡ʃ, t͡ɕ or sometimes t͡s. broad transcription nv ligature close front rounded vowel: y: proposed in 1989, rejected [4] ᵿ˞ barred horseshoe u with hook back sulcal vowel: proposed in 1989, rejected [4] w with left hook voiced labial-velar fricative (labialized voiced velar fricative) ɣʷ: proposed in 1989, rejected [4
The IPA letter z is not normally used for dental or postalveolar sibilants in narrow transcription unless modified by a diacritic ( z̪ and z̠ respectively). The IPA symbol for the alveolar non-sibilant fricative is derived by means of diacritics ; it can be ð̠ or ɹ̝ .
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
Many generalizations about Japanese pronunciation have exceptions if recent loanwords are taken into account. For example, the consonant [p] generally does not occur at the start of native (Yamato) or Chinese-derived (Sino-Japanese) words, but it occurs freely in this position in mimetic and foreign words. [2]
This chart provides audio examples for phonetic vowel symbols. The symbols shown include those in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and added material. The chart is based on the official IPA vowel chart.
The consonant inventory of Portuguese is fairly conservative. [citation needed] The medieval Galician-Portuguese system of seven sibilants (/ts dz/, /ʃ ʒ/, /tʃ/, and apicoalveolar /s̺ z̺/) is still distinguished in spelling (intervocalic c/ç z, x g/j, ch, ss -s-respectively), but is reduced to the four fricatives /s z ʃ ʒ/ by the merger of /tʃ/ into /ʃ/ and apicoalveolar /s̺ z̺ ...