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  2. Manchu language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchu_language

    Manchu-language texts supply information that is unavailable in Chinese, and when both Manchu and Chinese versions of a given text exist, they provide controls for understanding the Chinese. [6] Like most Siberian languages, Manchu is an agglutinative language that demonstrates limited vowel harmony.

  3. Pentaglot Dictionary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentaglot_Dictionary

    The Pentaglot Dictionary [1] [2] (Chinese: 御製五體清文鑑, Yuzhi Wuti Qing Wenjian; the term 清文, Qingwen, "Qing language", was another name for the Manchu language in Chinese), also known as the Manchu Polyglot Dictionary, [3] [4] was a dictionary of major imperial languages compiled in the late Qianlong era of the Qing dynasty (also said to be compiled in 1794).

  4. Transliterations of Manchu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu

    A Comprehensive Manchu-English Dictionary. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, 85. Cambridge (Mass.), London: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-07213-8. Roth Li, Gertraude (2010). Manchu: A Textbook for Reading Documents. Second Edition. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa: National Foreign Language Resource Center. ISBN 978-0 ...

  5. Jurchen language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurchen_language

    The Jurchen language (Chinese: 女真語; pinyin: Nǚzhēn yǔ) was the Tungusic language of the Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the rulers of the Jin dynasty in northern China of the 12th and 13th centuries. It is ancestral to the Manchu language. In 1635 Hong Taiji renamed the Jurchen ethnicity and language to "Manchu".

  6. Manchu alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchu_alphabet

    The Manchu alphabet (Manchu: ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ ᡥᡝᡵᡤᡝᠨ, Möllendorff: manju hergen, Abkai: manju hergen) is the alphabet used to write the now critically endangered Manchu language. A similar script called Xibe script is used today by the Xibe people , whose language is considered either a dialect of Manchu or a closely related ...

  7. Tungusic languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungusic_languages

    The Tungusic languages / t ʊ ŋ ˈ ɡ ʊ s ɪ k / (also known as Manchu–Tungus and Tungus) form a language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria by Tungusic peoples. Many Tungusic languages are endangered. There are approximately 75,000 native speakers of the dozen living languages of the Tungusic language family.

  8. Jin Qicong - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Qicong

    Jin Qicong [note 1] or Aisin-Gioro Qicong [note 2] (7 June 1918 – 10 April 2004) was a Chinese historian and linguist of Manchu ethnicity who is known for his studies of the Manchu and Jurchen languages.

  9. Ga (Mongolic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga_(Mongolic)

    The final form is also found written like the bow-shaped Manchu final ‍ᡴ᠋ k. [8]: 39 Emblem of the Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party using bow-shaped final g in bičig; Derived from Old Uyghur kaph 𐽷). [3]: 539–540, 545–546 [16]: 111, 113, 115 [8]: 35