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Most modern cars are built with organic acid technology (OAT) antifreeze (e.g., DEX-COOL [25]), or with a hybrid organic acid technology (HOAT) formulation (e.g., Zerex G-05), [26] both of which are claimed to have an extended service life of five years or 240,000 km (150,000 mi). DEX-COOL specifically has caused controversy.
For example, 2010 EPA emissions requirements require full DEF coolant flow within 70 minutes. [18] [19] In Europe, Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 [20] specified in Annex XVI point 10 that DEF from a frozen tank at a core temperature of −15 °C (5 °F) must become available within 20 minutes when starting the engine at −15 °C (5 °F).
Cars and trucks using direct air cooling (without an intermediate liquid) were built over a long period from the very beginning and ending with a small and generally unrecognized technical change. Before World War II , water-cooled cars and trucks routinely overheated while climbing mountain roads, creating geysers of boiling cooling water.
A coolant is a substance, typically liquid, that is used to reduce or regulate the temperature of a system. An ideal coolant has high thermal capacity, low viscosity, is low-cost, non-toxic, chemically inert and neither causes nor promotes corrosion of the cooling system. Some applications also require the coolant to be an electrical insulator.
This improves fuel efficiency by not wasting power on driving the fan unnecessarily. On modern vehicles, further regulation of cooling rate is provided by either variable speed or cycling radiator fans. Electric fans are controlled by a thermostatic switch or the engine control unit. Electric fans also have the advantage of giving good airflow ...
Checking vehicles regularly for leaks. [33] Storing antifreeze in clearly marked original sealed containers, in areas that are inaccessible to pets [33] or small children. [34] Keeping pets and small children away from the area when draining the car radiator. [33] Disposing of used antifreeze only by taking to a service station. [34]
In geothermal heating/cooling systems, ethylene glycol is the fluid that transports heat through the use of a geothermal heat pump. The ethylene glycol either gains energy from the source (lake, ocean, water well) or dissipates heat to the sink, depending on whether the system is being used for heating or cooling.
All vehicle manufacturers made changes to their ATF specifications and the controls of their TCC to try to alleviate the problem. GM released a revision to the DEXRON-II(D) fluid specification in 1978, Chrysler released the ATF+2 fluid specification (MS-7176D) in 1980, and Ford released the Mercon Type "H' fluid specification (M2C166-H) in 1981.
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