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Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane transport protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC4A2 gene. [5] [6] AE2 is functionally similar to the Band 3 Cl − /HCO3 − exchange protein. Mice have been used to explore the function of AE2. AE2 contributes to basolateral membrane HCO 3 − transport in the gastrointestinal tract. [7]
[2] For an NPN open emitter output, the collector is connected to the positive voltage rail, so the emitter outputs a high voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off. For a PNP open emitter output, the collector is connected to the low voltage supply, so the emitter outputs a low voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off.
The MPPT must then shift the PV panel operating point away from the peak power point until production matches demand. (An alternative approach commonly used in spacecraft is to divert surplus PV power into a resistive load, allowing the panel to operate continuously at its peak power point in order to keep the panel as cool as possible. [30])
The narrowing of the collector does not have a significant effect as the collector is much longer than the base. The emitter–base junction is unchanged because the emitter–base voltage is the same. Base-narrowing has two consequences that affect the current: There is a lesser chance for recombination within the "smaller" base region.
Energy Transfer Upconversion or ETU is a physical principle (most commonly encountered in solid-state laser physics) that involves the excitation of a laser-active ion to a level above that which would be achieved by simple absorption of a pump photon, the required additional energy being transferred from another laser-active ion undergoing nonradiative deexcitation.
Customers demanding a much larger amount of power may be connected directly to the primary distribution level or the subtransmission level. [2] General layout of electricity networks. The voltages and loadings are typical of a European network (in Canada, for example, Extra High Voltage can mean 735kV.)
Figure 2: A negative-feedback amplifier. The circuit can be explained by viewing the transistor as being under the control of negative feedback.From this viewpoint, a common-collector stage (Fig. 1) is an amplifier with full series negative feedback.
Figure 2: Adding an emitter resistor decreases gain, but increases linearity and stability. Common-emitter amplifiers give the amplifier an inverted output and can have a very high gain that may vary widely from one transistor to the next. The gain is a strong function of both temperature and bias current, and so the actual gain is somewhat ...