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Pronation is a natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking. Composed of three cardinal plane components: subtalar eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, and forefoot abduction, [1] [2] these three distinct motions of the foot occur simultaneously during the pronation phase. [3]
The flexor hallucis longus is situated on the fibular side of the leg. It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus muscles, laterally, and from the fascia covering the tibialis posterior, medially.
Inversion and eversion are movements that tilt the sole of the foot away from (eversion) or towards (inversion) the midline of the body. [35] Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane. [36] Inversion is the movement of the sole towards the median plane. For example, inversion describes the motion when an ankle ...
The tibialis posterior muscle is a key muscle for stabilization of the lower leg. It also contracts to produce inversion of the foot, and assists in the plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle. [3] The tibialis posterior has a major role in supporting the medial arch of the foot.
The leg muscles acting on the foot are called the extrinsic foot muscles whilst the foot muscles located in the foot are called intrinsic. [ 28 ] Dorsiflexion (extension) and plantar flexion occur around the transverse axis running through the ankle joint from the tip of the medial malleolus to the tip of the lateral malleolus.
The fibularis brevis (bottom-most label) is a muscle of the lower leg and aids in plantar flexion and eversion of the foot. The fibularis brevis arises from the lower two-thirds of the lateral, or outward, surface of the fibula (inward in relation to the fibularis longus) and from the connective tissue between it and the muscles on the front and back of the leg.
Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Main Action Fibularis longus: Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform: Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2) Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle Fibularis brevis: Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
The tibialis anterior muscle is the most medial muscle of the anterior compartment of the leg. [1] [better source needed] The muscle ends in a tendon which is apparent on the anteriomedial dorsal aspect of the foot close to the ankle. [citation needed] Its tendon is ensheathed in a synovial sheath.