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All other electric and magnetic units are derived from these four base units using the most basic common definitions: for example, electric charge q is defined as current I multiplied by time t, =, resulting in the unit of electric charge, the coulomb (C), being defined as 1 C = 1 A⋅s.
Note that since the particles in the ideal gas are non-interacting, the probability of finding a particle at a certain distance from another particle is the same as the probability of finding a particle at the same distance from any other point; we shall use the center of the sphere.
Mass flow rate is defined by the limit [3] [4] ˙ = =, i.e., the flow of mass through a surface per time .. The overdot on ˙ is Newton's notation for a time derivative.Since mass is a scalar quantity, the mass flow rate (the time derivative of mass) is also a scalar quantity.
Wavenumber, as used in spectroscopy and most chemistry fields, is defined as the number of wavelengths per unit distance, typically centimeters (cm −1): ~ =, where λ is the wavelength. It is sometimes called the "spectroscopic wavenumber". [1] It equals the spatial frequency.
For example, multiplying the lengths (in meters or feet) of the two sides of a rectangle gives its area (in square meters or square feet). Such a product is the subject of dimensional analysis. The inverse operation of multiplication is division. For example, since 4 multiplied by 3 equals 12, 12 divided by 3 equals 4.
The length of the rod can be computed by multiplying its travel time by its velocity, thus = in the rod's rest frame or = in the clock's rest frame. [ 14 ] In Newtonian mechanics, simultaneity and time duration are absolute and therefore both methods lead to the equality of L {\displaystyle L} and L 0 {\displaystyle L_{0}} .
where c is the speed of light and ε 0 the vacuum permittivity, =, e and m e the electron charge and rest mass respectively.. Stopping Power of Aluminum for Protons versus proton energy, and the Bethe formula without (red) and with corrections (blue)
The Hubble length or Hubble distance is a unit of distance in cosmology, defined as cH −1 — the speed of light multiplied by the Hubble time. It is equivalent to 4,420 million parsecs or 14.4 billion light years.