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Dural tail sign seen associated with a meningioma. The dural tail sign (also known as "dural thickening", "flare sign", or "meningeal sign") is a radiological finding observed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the brain that refers to a thickening of the dura mater immediately adjacent to a mass lesion, such as a brain tumor. [1]
Meningioma seen at autopsy, as a tumor of the dura mater extending into the cranial cavity, and can be detached from the bone along with the rest of the dura mater. Small tumors (e.g., < 2.0 cm) usually are incidental findings at autopsy without having caused symptoms. Larger tumors may cause symptoms, depending on the size and location.
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a specialized technique associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [1] [2]Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), also known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, is a non-invasive, ionizing-radiation-free analytical technique that has been used to study metabolic changes in brain tumors, strokes, seizure disorders, Alzheimer's ...
Either a head CT or MRI with contrast such as gadolinium is useful, as meningiomas often show homogenous enhancement. Angiography looking for signs like stretched arteries may be used to supplement evaluation of vascular involvement and to determine whether embolization would be helpful if surgery is being considered.
MRI can make a diagnosis even without an analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid but it can sometimes be difficult to detect because MRI scans cannot always pick up the problem. [ 20 ] Diagnosis is most commonly made by lumbar puncture to detect malignant cells in the CSF, although the tests may be negative in roughly 10% of patients. [ 5 ]
The term has also been used to describe findings associated with optic nerve sheath meningioma. [3]Tram track-shaped calcifications in the cerebral cortex indicate Sturge–Weber syndrome.
The first MR images of a human brain were obtained in 1978 by two groups of researchers at EMI Laboratories led by Ian Robert Young and Hugh Clow. [1] In 1986, Charles L. Dumoulin and Howard R. Hart at General Electric developed MR angiography, [2] and Denis Le Bihan obtained the first images and later patented diffusion MRI. [3]
Malignant meningioma is a rare, fast-growing tumor that forms in one of the inner layers of the meninges (thin layers of tissue that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord). Malignant meningioma often spreads to other areas of the body. The World Health Organization classification system defines both grade II and grade III meningiomas as ...
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