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Unlike regular concrete, ECC has a tensile strain capacity in the range of 3–7%, [1] compared to 0.01% for ordinary portland cement (OPC) paste, mortar or concrete. ECC therefore acts more like a ductile metal material rather than a brittle glass material (as does OPC concrete), leading to a wide variety of applications.
Polymer concrete is a type of concrete that uses a polymer to replace lime-type cements as a binder. One specific type is epoxy granite, where the polymer used is exclusively epoxy. In some cases the polymer is used in addition to portland cement to form Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC) or Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC). [1]
Synthetic polymers began replacing other chemical binders for soil stabilization in agriculture in the late 20th century. [1] Compared to traditional chemical binders, polymer soil additives can achieve the same amount of strengthening at much lower concentrations – for example, mixtures of 0.5-1% of various biopolymers have strength levels that match or exceed those of 10% cement mixtures ...
Waste light is a form of polymer modified concrete. The specific polymer admixture allows the replacement of all the traditional aggregates (gravel, sand, stone) by any mixture of solid waste materials in the grain size of 3–10 mm to form a low-compressive-strength (3–20 N/mm 2) product [103] for road and
In building construction, concrete uses cement as a binder. Asphalt pavement uses bitumen binder. Traditionally straw and natural fibres are used to strengthen clay in wattle-and-daub construction and in the building material cob which would otherwise become brittle after drying. Sand is added to improve compressive strength, hardness and ...
Sand reinforced polyester composites (SPCs), are building materials with sand acting as reinforcement in the composite.Pioneers in using sand reinforced composites include German business men Gerhard Dust and Gunther Plötner, who made sand reinforced composite bricks with polyester resin and hardener to provide emergency relief housing for those affected by the 2010 earthquake in Haiti.
Yet, to do so requires the presence of standard geopolymer cements. Presently, every expert is presenting their own recipe based on local raw materials (wastes, by-products or extracted). There is a need for selecting the right geopolymer cement category. The 2012 State of the Geopolymer R&D, [30] suggested to select two categories, namely:
Hemp concrete has a low thermal conductivity, ranging from 0.06 to 0.6 W m −1 K −1, [24] [15] [25] a total porosity of 68–80% [24] [26] and a density of 200 kg /m 3 to 960 kg/m 3. [ 15 ] [ 27 ] Hemp concrete is also an aerated material with high water vapour permeability and its total porosity very close to open porosity allowing it to ...