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90% of cancers are characterized by increased telomerase activity. [28] Lung cancer is the most well characterized type of cancer associated with telomerase. [29] There is a lack of substantial telomerase activity in some cell types such as primary human fibroblasts, which become senescent after about 30–50 population doublings. [28]
To measure the concentrations of TRF1 and the relationships among telomere length, telomerase activity, and TRF1 levels in tumor and normal colorectal mucosa, from normal and tumoral samples of patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer we analyzed TRF1 protein concentration, and telomerase activity were analysed.
Mainly pancreatic cancer, but also colorectal cancer and other types of gastrointestinal cancer. [12] CA-125: Mainly ovarian cancer, [13] but may also be elevated in for example endometrial cancer, fallopian tube cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. [14] Calcitonin: medullary thyroid carcinoma [15] Calretinin
If a drug can inhibit telomerase in cancer cells, the telomeres of successive generations will progressively shorten, limiting tumor growth. [56] Telomerase is a good biomarker for cancer detection because most human cancer cells express high levels of it. Telomerase activity can be identified by its catalytic protein domain .
Levels or presence of biomarker should readily distinguish between normal, cancerous, and precancerous tissue; Effective treatment of the cancer should change the level of the biomarker; Level of the biomarker should not change spontaneously or in response to other factors not related to the successful treatment of the cancer
In most multicellular eukaryotic organisms, telomerase is active only in germ cells, some types of stem cells such as embryonic stem cells, and certain white blood cells. [9] Telomerase can be reactivated and telomeres restored to the embryonic state by somatic cell nuclear transfer. [18]
HeLa cells are rapidly dividing cancer cells, and the number of chromosomes varies during cancer formation and cell culture. The current estimate (excluding very tiny fragments) is a "hypertriploid chromosome number (3n+)", which means 76 to 80 total chromosomes (rather than the normal diploid number of 46) with 22–25 clonally abnormal ...
Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms ("cancer"), and they are generally treated by specialists in hematology and/or oncology. In some centers "hematology/oncology" is a single subspecialty of internal medicine while in others they are considered separate divisions (there are also surgical and radiation oncologists).