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Thyroid diseases are highly prevalent worldwide, [10] [11] [12] and treatment varies based on the disorder. Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, [13] while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid ...
Hypothyroidism is more common in women than in men. [3] People over the age of 60 are more commonly affected. [3] Dogs are also known to develop hypothyroidism, as are cats and horses, albeit more rarely. [13] The word hypothyroidism is from Greek hypo-'reduced', thyreos 'shield', and eidos 'form', where the two latter parts refer to the ...
Iodine deficiency causes gradual enlargement of the thyroid gland, referred to as a goiter. Poor length growth is apparent as early as the first year of life. Adult stature without treatment ranges from 100 to 160 cm (3 ft 3 in to 5 ft 3 in), depending on severity, sex, and other genetic factors.
Primary treatment is prompted by the administration of adequate doses of either the thyroid hormone L-thyroxine given intravenously or by giving liothyronine via a nasogastric tube. It is essential to identify and treat the condition precipitating the coma. [9] Myxedema coma is rare but often fatal.
Iodine deficiency is a lack of the trace element iodine, an essential nutrient in the diet.It may result in metabolic problems such as goiter, sometimes as an endemic goiter as well as congenital iodine deficiency syndrome due to untreated congenital hypothyroidism, which results in developmental delays and other health problems.
[22] Symptoms to watch for include, but are not limited to, anxiety, tremor, weight loss, heat sensitivity, diarrhea, and shortness of breath. More worrisome symptoms include atrial fibrillation and bone density loss. [22] Long term over-treatment is associated with increased mortality and dementia. [23]
Hypothyroidism: Reduced thyroid function primary hypothyroidism: Feedback loop interrupted by low thyroid secretory capacity, e.g. after thyroid surgery or in case of autoimmune thyroiditis; secondary hypothyroidism: Feedback loop interrupted on the level of pituitary, e.g. in anterior pituitary failure
neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g. hallucination, delusion or paranoia) Myoclonus, generalised tonic-clonic or partial seizures; focal-neurological deficits; Elevated titres of thyroid tissue antibodies (TPO-ab or microsomal) Euthyroidism (potentially achieved by treatment with L-T4 or L-T3) or mild hypothyroidism with TSH concentration below 20 mIU/L