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Liver failure; Pancreatitis (these two usually occur in first 6 months and can be fatal); Leukopenia (low white blood cell count); Neutropenia (low neutrophil count); Pure red cell aplasia
Valproate (valproic acid, VPA, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms) are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and prevent migraine headaches. [7] They are useful for the prevention of seizures in those with absence seizures , partial seizures , and generalized seizures . [ 7 ]
Reversible dementia; Reversible cerebral atrophy; Abnormal behaviour [b]; Psychomotor hyperactivity [b]; Learning disorder [b]; Hyperammonaemia; Hypothyroidism; Bone marrow failure
Valproic acid, and its derivatives such as sodium valproate and divalproex sodium, causes cognitive deficit in the child, with an increased dose causing decreased intelligence quotient and use is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes (cognitive and behavioral) in children.
Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are seizures that result from traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain damage caused by physical trauma.PTS may be a risk factor for or a symptom of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), but a person having a seizure or seizures due to traumatic brain injury does not necessarily have PTE.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not TBI themselves but that result from it. The risk of complications increases with the severity of the trauma; [1] however even mild traumatic brain injury can result in disabilities that interfere with social interactions, employment, and everyday living. [2]
[18] [46] The reason for this combination is the therapeutic delay of the aforementioned mood stabilizers (for valproate therapeutic effects are usually seen around five days after treatment is commenced whereas lithium usually takes at least a week [46] before the full therapeutic effects are seen) and the comparatively rapid antimanic effects ...
Concussions may also have long term effects on the ability to learn and execute motor patterns. As compared to an individual with no concussions, due to damage to the brain resulting from concussion, a concussed individual may have reduced motor learning speeds and ability to progress in activity.