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The Nine Years' War (1688–1697), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg [10] – was a conflict between Louis XIV of France and a European coalition of Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, Spain, England and Savoy. It was fought in Europe and the surrounding seas, North America and in India.
The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598. Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy. [ 1 ]
French civil war may refer to: the war culminating in the Battle of Soissons (923) Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War (1407–1435) War of the Public Weal (1465) Mad War (1485–1488) French Wars of Religion (1562–1598) The Fronde (1648–1653) French Revolutionary Wars. Chouannerie (1792–1800) War in the Vendée (1793–1796) Chouannerie of 1832
The French word fronde means "sling"; Parisian crowds used slings to smash the windows of supporters of Cardinal Mazarin. [6] Jean François Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz, attributes the usage to a witticism in Book II of his Memoirs: "Bachaumont once said, in jest, that the Parlement acted like the schoolboys in the Paris ditches, who fling stones [frondent, that is, fling using slings ...
The Second Hundred Years' War is a periodization or historical era term used by some historians [1] [2] [3] to describe the series of military conflicts around the globe between Great Britain and France that occurred from about 1689 (or some say 1714) to 1815, including several separate wars such as the Nine Years' War, the War of the Spanish Succession, the War of the Austrian Succession, the ...
The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England [b] from 1642 to 1651. Part of the wider 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the struggle consisted of the First English Civil War and the Second English Civil War.
As part of the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees that ended the Franco-Spanish War, Louis XIV of France married Maria Theresa, eldest daughter of Philip IV of Spain.Despite being weakened by almost a century of continuous warfare, the Spanish Empire included possessions in Italy, the Spanish Netherlands, the Philippines and the Americas, and though no longer the dominant great power, remained ...
The Truce of Ulm (1647) and the Peace of Westphalia (1648) brought an end to the war. [34] France was hit by civil unrest known as The Fronde which in turn evolved into the Franco-Spanish War in 1653. Louis II de Bourbon joined the Spanish army this time, but suffered a severe defeat at Dunkirk (1658) by Henry de la Tour d'Auvergne.