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  2. Mycorrhizal network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhizal_network

    Arbuscular mycorrhizal networks are those in which fungal hyphae not only enter the plant's roots but also penetrate into the cells themselves. Ectomycorrhizal networks send hyphae into the roots where they thread their way between the plant cells but do not penetrate cell walls. The arbuscular type is the most common among land plants and is ...

  3. Plant communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_communication

    Plant communication encompasses communication using volatile organic compounds, electrical signaling, and common mycorrhizal networks between plants and a host of other organisms such as soil microbes, [2] other plants [3] (of the same or other species), animals, [4] insects, [5] and fungi. [6]

  4. Suzanne Simard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Simard

    Within the communication between trees and plants is the exchange of carbon, water, nutrients and defense signals between trees. [7] Simard is also a leader of TerreWEB, an initiative set to train graduate students and post-doctoral fellows in global change science and its communication. [10] [7]

  5. Armillaria ostoyae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armillaria_ostoyae

    The mycelium invades the sapwood and is able to disseminate over great distances under the bark or between trees in the form of black rhizomorphs ("shoestrings"). [2] In most areas of North America , Armillaria ostoyae can be separated from other species by its physical features: cream -brown colors, prominent cap scales, and a well-developed ...

  6. Hypha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypha

    Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. [3] The Spitzenkörper is an intracellular organelle associated with tip growth. It is composed of an aggregation of membrane-bound vesicles containing cell ...

  7. Ectomycorrhiza - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectomycorrhiza

    Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, showing root tips with fungal mycelium from the genus Amanita. An ectomycorrhiza (from Greek ἐκτός ektos, "outside", μύκης mykes, "fungus", and ῥίζα rhiza, "root"; pl. ectomycorrhizas or ectomycorrhizae, abbreviated EcM) is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont, or mycobiont, and the roots of various plant species.

  8. Mycelial cord - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycelial_cord

    Another genus that is very well studied for their abundance of rhizomorphs production is Armillaria, with some species being pathogens and others saprotrophs of trees and shrubs. [5] Known for their role in facilitating the spread and colonization of fungi in the environment, rhizomorphs are the most complex organs produced by fungi. They are ...

  9. Mycorrhiza - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhiza

    In some cases the hyphae may also penetrate the plant cells, in which case the mycorrhiza is called an endomycorrhiza. Outside the root, ectomycorrhizal extramatrical mycelium forms an extensive network within the soil and leaf litter. Other forms of mycorrhizae, including arbuscular, ericoid, arbutoid, monotropoid, and orchid mycorrhizas, are ...