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In friction stir processing (FSP), a rotating tool is used with a pin and a shoulder to a single piece of material to make specific property enhancement, such as improving the material's toughness or flexibility, in a specific area in the micro-structure of the material via fine grain of a second material with properties that improve the first.(Ma) [6] Friction between the tool and workpieces ...
Smart materials, also called intelligent or responsive materials, [1] [page needed] are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, moisture, electric or magnetic fields, light, temperature, pH, or chemical compounds.
Changing physical states can significantly alter an element's heat absorption properties. Since the development of gel memory foam, other materials have been added. Aloe vera , green tea extract and activated charcoal have been combined with it to reduce odors and even provide aromatherapy while sleeping.
Filler is used to changing the properties of the original plastic. By using plastic filler, manufacturers can save production costs as well as raw materials. Undeniably the importance of filler masterbatch in improving the physical properties of plastics, especially minimizing cost and production efficiency.
Heat treating (or heat treatment) is a group of industrial, thermal and metalworking processes used to alter the physical, and sometimes chemical, properties of a material. The most common application is metallurgical. Heat treatments are also used in the manufacture of many other materials, such as glass. Heat treatment involves the use of ...
1. Dislocation must change its direction of motion due to the differing orientation of grains. [4] 2. Discontinuity of slip planes from grain one to grain two. [4] The stress required to move a dislocation from one grain to another in order to plastically deform a material depends on the grain size.
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For many alloys, including carbon steel, the crystal grain size and phase composition, which ultimately determine the material properties, are dependent on the heating rate and cooling rate. Hot working or cold working after the annealing process alters the metal structure, so further heat treatments may be used to achieve the properties required.