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Blockage, whether caused by salivary duct stones or external compression, may cause pain and swelling of the parotid gland . Koplik's spots which are pathognomonic of measles are found near the opening of the parotid duct. The parotid duct may be cannulated by inserting a tube through the internal orifice in the mouth. [2]
Pneumoparotitis (also termed pneumosialadenitis [1] wind parotitis, [1] surgical mumps, [2] or anaesthesia mumps), [2] is a rare cause of parotid gland swelling which occurs when air is forced through the parotid (Stensen) duct resulting in inflation of the duct. [3]
HIV parotitis: Generalized lymphadenopathy has long been associated with HIV, but the localized enlargement of the parotid gland is less well known. [citation needed] HIV-associated salivary gland disease can involve many diseases but often presents as enlargement of the parotid gland and a dry mouth. Causes have not been specifically ...
Sialadenitis (sialoadenitis) is inflammation of salivary glands, usually the major ones, the most common being the parotid gland, followed by submandibular and sublingual glands. [1] It should not be confused with sialadenosis (sialosis) which is a non-inflammatory enlargement of the major salivary glands.
Less commonly the parotid gland or rarely the sublingual gland or a minor salivary gland may develop salivary stones. The usual symptoms are pain and swelling of the affected salivary gland, both of which get worse when salivary flow is stimulated, e.g. with the sight, thought, smell or taste of food, or with hunger or chewing.
Salivary gland involvement primarily involves both parotid glands, causing enlargement and swelling. Salivary gland biopsy with histopathologic examination is needed to make the distinction between whether Sjoren's syndrome or sarcoidosis is the cause of this.
Salivary gland dysfunction affects the flow, amount, or quality of saliva produced. A reduced salivation is termed hyposalivation.Hyposalivation often results in a dry mouth condition called xerostomia, and this can cause tooth decay due to the loss of the protective properties of saliva.
Strictures are the second most common cause of chronic obstructive sialadenitis, after salivary stones. [1] In line with this, strictures may give rise to the "meal time syndrome", [1] where there is pain and swelling of the involved salivary gland upon salivary stimulation with the sight, smell and taste of food.