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A gas dynamic laser (GDL) is a laser based on differences in relaxation velocities of molecular vibrational states. The lasing medium gas has such properties that an energetically lower vibrational state relaxes faster than a higher vibrational state, and so a population inversion is achieved in a particular time.
A gas laser is a laser in which an electric current is discharged through a gas to produce coherent light. The gas laser was the first continuous-light laser and the first laser to operate on the principle of converting electrical energy to a laser light output. The first gas laser, the Helium–neon laser (HeNe), was co-invented by Iranian ...
The typical noble-gas ion-laser plasma consists of a high-current-density glow discharge in a noble gas in the presence of a magnetic field. Typical continuous-wave plasma conditions are current densities of 100 to 2000 A/cm 2 , tube diameters of 1.0 to 10 mm, filling pressures of 0.1 to 1.0 Torr (0.0019 to 0.019 psi), and an axial magnetic ...
In 2006, Coherent acquired laser equipment manufacturer Excel Technology for $376 million. [9] Coherent purchased the German-based pulse laser company Lumera in 2012 for $52 million. [10] Their lasers were primarily used in micromachining in industrial processes that use lasers to add very slight amounts of heat. [10]
A nitrogen laser is a gas laser operating in the ultraviolet range [1] (typically 337.1 nm) using molecular nitrogen as its gain medium, pumped by an electrical discharge. The wall-plug efficiency of the nitrogen laser is low, typically 0.1% or less, though nitrogen lasers with efficiency of up to 3% have been reported in the literature.
Texas Gas was created in 1948 with the merger of Memphis Natural Gas Company and Kentucky Natural Gas Corporation. Since that time, Texas Gas has changed ownership four times. The company was bought by CSX Corporation in 1983; by Transco Energy Corp. in 1989; by Williams in 1995; and by Loews Corporation in 2003. [2]
IGS Energy, also known as Interstate Gas Supply, Inc., is an independent retail natural gas and electric supplier based in Dublin, Ohio, United States.It serves more than 1,000,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers in the states of Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Virginia, Maryland, Texas, California, Illinois and Massachusetts.
In 1983, Energas, the natural gas distribution division of Pioneer, was spun off and became an independent, publicly held natural gas distribution company. In October 1988, Energas changed its corporate name to Atmos Energy Corporation and its stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "ATO" .