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Shark liver oil is an oil obtained from the livers of sharks. ... However, it is a component of some moisturizing skin lotions [6] and hemorrhoid medications. [8] [9]
It is a colourless oil, although impure samples appear yellow. It was originally obtained from shark liver oil (hence its name, as Squalus is a genus of sharks). An estimated 12% of bodily squalene in humans is found in sebum. [5] Squalene has a role in topical skin lubrication and protection. [6]
The Canadian formulation has acquired a market in the United States as a skin cream with an anti-wrinkle active ingredient. [citation needed] In Greece, the active ingredients of Preparation H are 1% w/w yeast extract and 3% w/w shark liver oil. [7]
All three thresher shark species have been listed as vulnerable by the World Conservation Union since 2007 (IUCN). [2] All three are popular big-game sport fish, [3] and additionally they are hunted commercially for their meat, livers (for shark liver oil), skin (for shagreen) and fins (for use in delicacies such as shark-fin soup).
In addition, the fins are used for shark fin soup, the skin for leather, the liver oil for vitamins, and the carcasses for fishmeal. [3] Blacktip sharks are one of the most important species to the northwestern Atlantic shark fishery, second only to the sandbar shark ( C. plumbeus ).
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Unlike bony fish, sharks do not have gas-filled swim bladders for buoyancy. Instead, sharks rely on a large liver filled with oil that contains squalene, and their cartilage, which is about half the normal density of bone. [33] Their liver constitutes up to 30% of their total body mass. [39]
The meat is sold for human consumption, the skin is made into leather, and the fins are used for shark fin soup in Asia. The squalene oil in the liver of the pelagic thresher can comprise 10% of its weight, and is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, health foods, and high-grade machine oil. [5]