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An example of punishment may include beatings (positive punishment), and taking away something desired or loved (negative punishment). The effectiveness and value of a consequence are determined by the motivating operations the organism has.
Positive punishment. Example: Corporal punishment, such as spanking a child. Removing/taking away Negative punishment. Example: Loss of privileges (e.g., screen time or permission to attend a desired event) if a rule is broken. Negative reinforcement. Example: Reading a book because it allows the reader to escape feelings of boredom or unhappiness
positive punishment, punishment by application, or type I punishment, an experimenter punishes a response by presenting an aversive stimulus into the animal's surroundings (a brief electric shock, for example). negative punishment, punishment by removal, or type II punishment, a valued, appetitive stimulus is removed (as in the removal of a ...
The avoidance response comes into play here when punishment is administered. An animal will presumably learn to avoid the behavior that preceded this punishment. A naturally occurring example for humans would be that after a child has been burned by a red stove, he or she learns not to touch the stove when it is red.
Negative punishment (penalty) (also called "punishment by contingent withdrawal") occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by the removal of a stimulus, and the behavior is less likely to occur in the future. Example: When an employee puts their lunch in a communal refrigerator, it gets stolen before break time. The next time the employee ...
Savaging; overt aggression directed to newborn offspring by a mother animal, often including cannibalistic infanticide. [28] Self-cannibalism (autophagy, autosarcophagy); an animal eating itself. [29] [30] Self-injury; an animal injuring its own body tissues. [31] Sham or "vacuum" dustbathing; dustbathing in the absence of appropriate substrate ...
Aggression and punishment are not just found in insects. For example, in naked mole rats, punishments by the queen are a way she motivates the lazier, less-related workers in their groups. [30] The queen would shove the lazier workers, with the number of shoves increasing when there are fewer active workers.
In psychology, punishment is the reduction of a behavior via application of an unpleasant stimulus ("positive punishment") or removal of a pleasant stimulus ("negative punishment"). Extra chores or spanking are examples of positive punishment, while removing an offending student's recess or play privileges are examples of negative punishment.