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The river is heavily polluted by human activity; about five million people live in its basin (the drainage area covers 6,929 km 2). [10] Textile factories in Bandung and Cimahi were major toxic waste contributors. [11] More than 2,000 industries contaminate 5,020 sq miles of the river with lead, mercury, arsenic, and other toxins. [12]
Therefore, the result of water quality monitoring in 30 rivers [11] in Indonesia indicates that most of river water qualities do not end up meeting water criteria class 1, i.e. water that can be used for standard water, drinking water, and or other usage that requires the same water quality with such usage, due to pollution by domestic and ...
Despite being one of the main sources of Bandung's water supply, [3] the river is classified as heavily polluted. [4] Domestic waste, including human waste and detergents, is the main source of pollution as more people are living along the river banks. Other sources of pollutants are industry agriculture and farming. [4]
2002 postal stamp of Indonesia "save mangrove forests". In the coastal commercial sector, for instance, the livelihood of fishing people and those engaged in allied activities—roughly 5.6 million people—began to be imperiled in the late 1970s by declining fish stocks brought about by the contamination of coastal waters.
Air pollution is among the biggest health problems of modern industrial society and is responsible for more than 10 percent of all deaths worldwide (nearly 4.5 million premature deaths in 2019), according to The Lancet. Air pollution can affect nearly every organ and system of the body, negatively affecting nature and humans alike.
This list contains the top 500 cities by PM2.5 annual mean concentration measurement as documented by the World Health Organization covering the period from 2010 to 2022. The January 2024 version of the WHO database contains results of ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 5,390 towns and cities in 63 countries.
Indonesia is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. The environment of Indonesia consists of 17,508 islands scattered over both sides of the equator. [1] [2] Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of biodiversity after Brazil. [3]
Bandung [a] is the capital city of the West Java province of Indonesia. [9] Located on the island of Java, Greater Bandung (Bandung Basin Metropolitan Area / BBMA) is the country's second-largest and second most populous metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants.