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Free plan, in the architecture world, refers to the ability to have a floor plan with non-load bearing walls and floors by creating a structural system that holds the weight of the building by ways of an interior skeleton of load bearing columns. The building system carries only its columns, or skeleton, and each corresponding ceiling.
Hearst Tower in New York City, designed by Norman Foster, uses 21 percent less steel than a standard design. [2] The diagrid obviates the need for columns and can be used to make large column-free expanses of roofing. [3] Another iconic building designed by Foster, 30 St Mary Axe, in London, UK, known as "The Gherkin", also uses the diagrid system.
Free design of the ground plan – commonly considered the focal point of the Five Points, with its construction dictating new architectural frameworks. [4] The absence of load-bearing partition walls affords greater flexibility in design and use of living spaces; the house is unrestrained in its internal use.
INTERIOR VIEW SOUTH TOWARD MOVEABLE FIELD LEVEL SEATS. - Houston Astrodome, 8400 Kirby Drive, Houston, Harris County, TX HAER TX-108-9. The Zollinger Lamella roof, named after Friedrich Zollinger, a municipal building surveyor from Merseburg in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt [1] is a construction type where the roof is constructed in an arched network consisting of a single lamellae ...
In the tectonics as envisioned by Bötticher, the function (defined as requirements for internal space) had driven the design: the size determined the roof technology to be used, the latter in turn mandated the support requirements, creating a structural outline of the building, architecture was an art of resolution of the conflicts between the ...
The truss roof of the 4th-century church Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome. The triangular frame of beams of the main nave is largely self-supporting, as the forces are carried along the beams rather than acting vertically on them. The list of ancient roofs comprises roof constructions from Greek and Roman architecture, ordered by clear span.
The design allows the walls, roof and cantilevered floors to be supported entirely by cables and a center column. Another type of suspended structure, suspended catenary, uses outer-wall concrete columns angled away from the center with a cable system strung between them suspending a roof and outer wall structure.
This was used to prevent roof uplift. [13] The vaulted viga roof is another type of structural system using vigas, using parapets on the two side and eaves on the ends. The roof is left exposed on the interior and latillas are placed parallel with others in a diagonal pattern. [14]