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Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up. [4] Other uses include treating diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis and to decrease the risk of kidney stones in those with a high calcium level in the urine. [4]
Losartan/hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hyzaar among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used to treat high blood pressure when losartan is not sufficient. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It consists of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker ; and hydrochlorothiazide , a thiazide diuretic .
Triamterene directly blocks the epithelial sodium channel [4] (ENaC) on the lumen side of the kidney collecting tubule. [5]: 127 Other diuretics cause a decrease in the sodium concentration of the forming urine due to the entry of sodium into the cell via the ENaC, and the concomitant exit of potassium from the principal cell into the forming urine.
[2] [3] [4] Specifically it is used in those who develop low blood potassium (hypokalemia) when on only hydrochlorothiazide. [2] [3] It is taken by mouth. [2] [3] [4] Side effects may include nausea, trouble sleeping, dizziness, feeling light headed with standing, kidney problems, allergies, and muscle cramps.
Olmesartan works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II while hydrochlorothiazide works by increasing the loss of sodium by the kidneys. [1] No generic version is available in the United States as of 2017. [2] In 2022, it was the 235th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. [4] [5]
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
A case study of two brothers with the condition, two years of treatment with hydrochlorothiazide reduced the incidence of kidney stones and improved kidney function. [22] The thiazide-like diuretic chlortalidone reduced urine calcium oxalate in seven of the eight males with inactivated CLCN5 gene that participated in the study. [23]
Severe side effects may include kidney problems, electrolyte problems, and allergic reactions. [2] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby. [2] Telmisartan works by blocking the effects of angiotensin II while hydrochlorothiazide works by decreasing the kidneys' ability to retain water. [2]