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For example, Benito Mussolini, in a 1938 speech, voiced the clear distinction between capitalism and bourgeoisie, [2] in which case he described the bourgeoisie as a moral category, a state of mind. [2] In the final years of the regime, interests of Catholic circles and that of Benito Mussolini merged.
According to historian Zeev Sternhell, "most syndicalist leaders were among the founders of the fascist movement", who in later years gained key posts in Mussolini's regime. [100] Mussolini expressed great admiration for the ideas of Georges Sorel, [101] who he claimed was instrumental in birthing the core principles of Italian fascism. [102] J. L.
Mussolini's domestic goal was the eventual establishment of a totalitarian state with himself as supreme leader , a message that was articulated by the Fascist newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia, which was now edited by Mussolini's brother, Arnaldo. To that end, Mussolini obtained from the legislature dictatorial powers for one year (legal under the ...
From a 1936 Fascist regime textbook: "Kids, love Benito Mussolini. Benito Mussolini has worked and works always for the good of the Homeland and of the Italian people. You've overheard this many times from daddy, from mom, from the teacher: If Italy is now far more powerful than before, we owe it to Him. Let's all greet him together: To us!"
Mussolini's immediate reaction to the Russian Revolution was contradictory. He admired Lenin's boldness in seizing power by force and was envious of the success of the Bolsheviks, while at the same time attacking them in his paper for restricting free speech and creating "a tyranny worse than that of the tsars."
In November 1938, Mussolini declared to the Grand Fascist Council: "We shall bring our border to the Gotthard Pass". [76] The Fascist regime accused the Swiss government of oppressing the Romansch people in Graubünden. [75] Mussolini argued that Romansch was an Italian dialect and thus Graubünden should be incorporated into Italy. [77]
Despite Mussolini's close alliance with Hitler's Germany, Italy did not fully adopt Nazism's genocidal ideology towards the Jews. The Nazis were frustrated by the Italian authorities' refusal to co-operate in the round-ups of Jews, and no Jews were deported prior to the formation of the Italian Social Republic puppet-state following the ...
The essay is structured around these fourteen ways, providing an in-depth exploration of fascism as a multifaceted and adaptable ideology. [1] He argues that it is not possible to organise these into a coherent system, but that "it is enough that one of them be present to allow fascism to coagulate around it".