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A finned air cooled heatsink with fan clipped onto a CPU, with a smaller passive heatsink without fan in the background A 3-fan heatsink mounted on a video card to maximize cooling efficiency of the GPU and surrounding components Commodore 128DCR computer's switch-mode power supply, with a user-installed 60 mm cooling fan.
Thermal Design Power (TDP), also known as thermal design point, is the maximum amount of heat that a computer component (like a CPU, GPU or system on a chip) can generate and that its cooling system is designed to dissipate during normal operation. Some sources state that the peak power rating for a microprocessor is usually 1.5 times the TDP ...
A small blower fan is used to direct air across a laptop computer's CPU cooler. A case fan may be mounted on a radiator attached to the case, simultaneously operating to cool a liquid cooling device's working fluid and to ventilate the case. In laptops, a single blower fan often cools a heat sink connected to both CPU and GPU using heat pipes.
Different software is used by different motherboards. There are also third-party programs that work on a variety of motherboards and allow wide customization of fan behavior depending on temperature readings from the motherboard, CPU, and GPU sensors, as well as allowing manual control. Two such programs are SpeedFan [11] and Argus Monitor. [12]
TechPowerUp GPU-Z (or just GPU-Z) is a lightweight utility designed to provide information about video cards and GPUs. [2] The program displays the specifications of Graphics Processing Unit (often shortened to GPU) and its memory; also displays temperature, core frequency, memory frequency, GPU load and fan speeds.
typical thermal power, which is measured under normal load (for instance, AMD's average CPU power) maximum thermal power, which is measured under a worst-case load; For example, the Pentium 4 2.8 GHz has a 68.4 W typical thermal power and 85 W maximum thermal power. When the CPU is idle, it will draw far less than the typical thermal power.
The power measurement is often the average power used while running the benchmark, but other measures of power usage may be employed (e.g. peak power, idle power). For example, the early UNIVAC I computer performed approximately 0.015 operations per watt-second (performing 1,905 operations per second (OPS), while consuming 125 kW).
A modern consumer graphics card: A Radeon RX 6900 XT from AMD. A graphics card (also called a video card, display card, graphics accelerator, graphics adapter, VGA card/VGA, video adapter, display adapter, or colloquially GPU) is a computer expansion card that generates a feed of graphics output to a display device such as a monitor.