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Synapsida [a] is a diverse group of tetrapod vertebrates that includes all mammals and their extinct relatives. It is one of the two major clades of the group Amniota, the other being the more diverse group Sauropsida (which includes all extant reptiles and birds).
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 December 2024. Group of animals including lepidosaurs, testudines, and archosaurs This article is about the animal class. For other uses, see Reptile (disambiguation). Reptiles Temporal range: Late Carboniferous–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Tuatara Saltwater crocodile Common box turtle ...
The synapsid lineage became distinct from the sauropsid lineage in the late Carboniferous period, between 320 and 315 million years ago. [2] The only living synapsids are mammals, [3] while the sauropsids gave rise to the dinosaurs, and today's reptiles and birds along with all the extinct amniotes more closely related to them than to mammals. [2]
A mammal (from Latin mamma 'breast') [1] is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia (/ m ə ˈ m eɪ l i. ə /). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three middle ear bones.
Class Mammalia (mammals) Subclass Prototheria (Monotremata, egg-laying mammals) Subclass Theria (Metatheria (such as marsupials) and Eutheria (such as placental mammals)) This rather orderly scheme is the one most commonly found in popular and basic scientific works.
Reclassifying reptiles has been among the key aims of phylogenetic nomenclature. [8] The term Sauropsida had from the mid 20th century been used to denote a branch-based clade containing all amniote species which are not on the synapsid side of the split between reptiles and mammals. This group encompasses all now-living reptiles as well as ...
While reptiles and amphibians can be quite similar externally, the French zoologist Pierre André Latreille recognized the large physiological differences at the beginning of the 19th century and split the herptiles into two classes, giving the four familiar classes of tetrapods: amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. [30]
Class Reptilia (reptiles: paraphyletic) Class Aves (birds) Class Mammalia (mammals) In addition to these, there are two classes of extinct armoured fishes, Placodermi and Acanthodii, both paraphyletic. Other ways of classifying the vertebrates have been devised, particularly with emphasis on the phylogeny of early amphibians and reptiles.