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A wellhead serves numerous functions, some of which are: Provide a means of casing suspension (Casing is the permanently installed pipe used to line the well hole for pressure containment and collapse prevention during the drilling phase).
This component sits in the upper portion of the wellhead, within the tubing head flange and serves as the main support for the production tubing. The tubing hanger may be manufactured with rubber or polymer sealing rings to isolate the tubing from the annulus. The tubing hanger is secured within the tubing head flange with lag bolts.
Casing that is cemented in place aids the drilling process in several ways: [2] Prevents contamination of fresh water well zones. Prevents unstable upper formations from caving in and sticking the drill string or forming large caverns. Provides a strong upper foundation to allow use of high-density drilling fluid to continue drilling deeper.
A wellhead is used without a Christmas tree during drilling operations, and also for riser tie-back situations that later would have a tree installed at riser top. Wells being produced with rod pumps (pump jacks, nodding donkeys, grasshopper pumps, and so on) frequently do not utilize any tree owing the absence of a pressure-containment ...
During drilling, kicks are usually killed using the Driller's, Engineer's or a hybrid method called Concurrent, while forward circulating. The choice will depend on: the amount and type of kick fluids in the well; the rig's equipment capabilities; the minimum fracture pressure in the open hole; the drilling and operating companies well control ...
Drill bit (#26) is a device attached to the end of the drill string that breaks apart the rock being drilled. It contains jets through which the drilling fluid exits. Drill floor (#21) is the area on the rig where the tools are located to make the connections of the drill pipe, bottom hole assembly, tools and bit. It is considered the main area ...
The BOP valve affixed to the wellhead could be closed in the event of drilling into a high pressure zone, and the well fluids contained. Well control techniques could be used to regain control of the well. As the technology developed, blowout preventers became standard equipment, and gushers became a thing of the past.
Well intervention vessel Skandi Constructor. A well intervention, or well work, is any operation carried out on an oil or gas well during, or at the end of, its productive life that alters the state of the well or well geometry, provides well diagnostics, or manages the production of the well.