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  2. Voice (phonetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)

    English voiceless stops are generally aspirated at the beginning of a stressed syllable, and in the same context, their voiced counterparts are voiced only partway through. In more narrow phonetic transcription , the voiced symbols are maybe used only to represent the presence of articulatory voicing, and aspiration is represented with a ...

  3. Consonant voicing and devoicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_voicing_and...

    For example, the English suffix -s is pronounced [s] when it follows a voiceless phoneme (cats), and [z] when it follows a voiced phoneme (dogs). [1] This type of assimilation is called progressive, where the second consonant assimilates to the first; regressive assimilation goes in the opposite direction, as can be seen in have to [hæftə].

  4. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...

  5. Phonological history of English consonants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of...

    When voiced stops are deleted, the length of the preceding vowel is maintained. Consonants remaining from reduced final clusters may be eligible for deletion. The deletion occurs especially if the final consonant is a nasal or a stop. Final-consonant deletion is much less frequent than the more common final-cluster reduction.

  6. List of consonants - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_consonants

    Fricated alveolar clicks [ǃᶴ] (also voiced, nasalized, etc.) Non-sibilant affricates. Voiceless bilabial affricate [pɸ] Voiceless bilabial-labiodental affricate [pf] Voiceless labiodental affricate [p̪f] Voiced labiodental affricate [b̪v] Voiceless dental affricate [t̪θ] Voiced dental affricate [d̪ð] [dubious – discuss]

  7. Voicelessness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voicelessness

    The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) has distinct letters for many voiceless and modally voiced pairs of consonants (the obstruents), such as [p b], [t d], [k ɡ], [q ɢ], [f v], and [s z]. Also, there are diacritics for voicelessness, U+ 0325 ̥ COMBINING RING BELOW and U+ 030A ̊ COMBINING RING ABOVE , which is used for letters with a ...

  8. Manner of articulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manner_of_articulation

    If the consonant is voiced, the voicing is the only sound made during occlusion; if it is voiceless, a stop is completely silent. What we hear as a /p/ or /k/ is the effect that the onset of the occlusion has on the preceding vowel, as well as the release burst and its effect on the following vowel.

  9. Obstruent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruent

    Obstruents are often prototypically voiceless, but voiced obstruents are common. This contrasts with sonorants, which are prototypically voiced and only rarely phonemically voiceless. [ 3 ]