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Laser radiation being delivered via a fiber for photodynamic therapy to treat cancer. A 40-watt CO 2 laser with applications in ENT, gynecology, dermatology, oral surgery, and podiatry. Laser medicine is the use of lasers in medical diagnosis, treatments, or therapies, such as laser photodynamic therapy, [1] photorejuvenation, and laser surgery.
Laser surgery is a type of surgery that cuts tissue using a laser in contrast to using a scalpel. [ 1 ] Soft-tissue laser surgery is used in a variety of applications in humans ( general surgery , neurosurgery , ENT , dentistry , orthodontics , [ 2 ] and oral and maxillofacial surgery ) as well as veterinary [ 3 ] surgical fields.
Schematic diagram of a typical laser, showing the three major parts. A laser is constructed from three principal parts: An energy source (usually referred to as the pump or pump source), A gain medium or laser medium, and; Two or more mirrors that form an optical resonator.
The output of an Er:YAG laser is strongly absorbed by water. As a result, they are widely used for medical procedures in which deep penetration of tissues is not desired. Video of minor surgery using an Er:YAG laser. Erbium-YAG lasers have been used for laser resurfacing of human skin. [2]
Slit lamp photograph of posterior capsular opacification visible a few months after implantation of intraocular lens in eye, seen on retroillumination. Nd:YAG lasers are used in ophthalmology to correct posterior capsular opacification, [6] after cataract surgery, for peripheral iridotomy in patients with chronic [7] and acute angle-closure glaucoma, [8] where it has largely superseded ...
Laser types with distinct laser lines are shown above the wavelength bar, while below are shown lasers that can emit in a wavelength range. The height of the lines and bars gives an indication of the maximal power/pulse energy commercially available, while the color codifies the type of laser material (see the figure description for details).
Lasers are used in fiber-optic and free-space optical communications, optical disc drives, laser printers, barcode scanners, semiconductor chip manufacturing (photolithography, etching), laser surgery and skin treatments, cutting and welding materials, military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed, and ...
Blue lasers can be produced by: direct, inorganic diode semiconductor lasers based on quantum wells of gallium(III) nitride at 380-417nm [2] [3] or indium gallium nitride at 450 nm; diode-pumped solid-state infrared lasers with frequency-doubling to 408nm; upconversion of direct diode semiconductor lasers via thulium- or praseodymium-doped ...