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A casting defect is an undesired irregularity in a metal casting process. Some defects can be tolerated while others can be repaired, otherwise they must be eliminated. They are broken down into five main categories: gas porosity, shrinkage defects, mould material defects, pouring metal defects, and metallurgical defects.
Carburetor heat uses hot air drawn from the heat exchanger or heat stove (a metal plate around the exhaust manifold) to raise the temperature in the venturi section high enough to prevent or remove any ice build-up. Because hot air is less dense than cold air, engine power will drop when carburetor heat is used.
A bronze casting showing the sprue and risers. A riser, also known as a feeder, [1] is a reservoir built into a metal casting mold to prevent cavities due to shrinkage.Most metals are less dense as a liquid than as a solid so castings shrink upon cooling, which can leave a void at the last point to solidify.
The most important aspect of any hot working process is controlling the temperature of the workpiece. 90% of the energy imparted into the workpiece is converted into heat. Therefore, if the deformation process is quick enough the temperature of the workpiece should rise, however, this does not usually happen in practice.
It was a huge commercial success, with some 90,000 units sold in the next 30 years, because it could be formed into desired shapes and forms and could survive temperature fluctuations from hot to cold readily. These iron stoves evolved into specialized cooking machines with chimney flue pipes, oven openings, and water heating systems. [11]
Moka pot – a stove top coffee maker that functions by passing hot water driven by vapor pressure and heat-driven gas expansion through ground coffee; Coffee percolator – a type of pot used for the brewing of coffee by continually cycling the boiling or nearly boiling brew through the grounds using gravity
Tempering is most often performed on steel that has been heated above its upper critical (A 3) temperature and then quickly cooled, in a process called quenching, using methods such as immersing the hot steel in water, oil, or forced-air. The quenched steel, being placed in or very near its hardest possible state, is then tempered to ...
When the corebox is opened and the core removed, the uncured sand inside the core is dumped out to be reused. This practice can also be observed in some cold-box coremaking practices, though cold box shell-core making is much less common. In a similar vein, the cold-box process uses a binder that is hardened through the use of special gases ...