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In this way, melanin protects skin cells from UVA and UVB radiation damage that causes photoaging and the risk of malignant melanoma, a cancer of melanin cells. [195] Melanin also protects against photodegradation of the vitamin folate in skin tissue, and in the eyes, preserves eye health. [193]
Prolonged exposure is associated with the development of skin cancers, photoaging or premature skin aging, immune suppression, and eye diseases like cataracts. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Given these dual effects, public health organizations emphasize the importance of striking a balance between the benefits and risks of UV exposure.
Within the eye, 11-cis-retinal is bound to the protein opsin to form rhodopsin in rod cells and iodopsin in cone cells. As light enters the eye, the 11-cis-retinal is isomerized to the all-trans form. The all-trans-retinal dissociates from the opsin in a series of steps called photo-bleaching. This isomerization induces a nervous signal along ...
Vitamin E can also interact with some medications and other supplements. [1] Vitamin E has been studied as a treatment for skin health and skin ageing, immune function, [61] and managing conditions like cardiovascular disease [62] or Alzheimer's disease (AD), [63] or certain types of cancer. [62]
Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in humans. [11] [12] [13] There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. [1] The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
Lifestyle changes can stop prediabetes in its tracks. You may be able to delay the onset of type 2 diabetes or prevent it entirely. Prediabetes is common — it affects about one in three people .
Therapy can take the form of an estrogen pill, skin patch, ring, gel, cream, or spray, and it usually includes a second hormone, progestogen, which can be either progesterone or a synthetic progestin.
Pellagra is a disease caused by a lack of the vitamin niacin (vitamin B 3). [2] Symptoms include inflamed skin, diarrhea, dementia, and sores in the mouth. [1] Areas of the skin exposed to friction and radiation are typically affected first. [1]