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  2. Real image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_image

    Examples of real images include the image produced on a detector in the rear of a camera, and the image produced on an eyeball retina (the camera and eye focus light through an internal convex lens). In ray diagrams (such as the images on the right), real rays of light are always represented by full, solid lines; perceived or extrapolated rays ...

  3. Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics

    A light ray is a line or curve that is perpendicular to the light's wavefronts (and is therefore collinear with the wave vector). A slightly more rigorous definition of a light ray follows from Fermat's principle, which states that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time. [1]

  4. Caustic (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caustic_(optics)

    Caustics are formed in the regions where sufficient photons strike a surface causing it to be brighter than the average area in the scene. “Backward ray tracing” works in the reverse manner beginning at the surface and determining if there is a direct path to the light source. [7] Some examples of 3D ray-traced caustics can be found here.

  5. Pencil (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil_(optics)

    A pencil-beam radar A moving or sweeping pencil-beam radar. In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays, also known as a pencil beam or narrow beam, is a geometric construct (pencil of half-lines) used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a cone or cylinder.

  6. Ray (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_(optics)

    The principal ray or chief ray (sometimes known as the b ray) in an optical system is the meridional ray that starts at an edge of an object and passes through the center of the aperture stop. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] [ 7 ] The distance between the chief ray (or an extension of it for a virtual image) and the optical axis at an image location defines the ...

  7. Line (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_(geometry)

    Thus, we would say that two different points, A and B, define a line and a decomposition of this line into the disjoint union of an open segment (A, B) and two rays, BC and AD (the point D is not drawn in the diagram, but is to the left of A on the line AB). These are not opposite rays since they have different initial points. In Euclidean ...

  8. Virtual image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_image

    For a (reflecting) mirror, the real image is on the same side as the object while the virtual image is on the opposite side of, or "behind", the mirror. In diagrams of optical systems, virtual rays (forming virtual images) are conventionally represented by dotted lines, to contrast with the solid lines of real rays.

  9. Epipolar geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epipolar_geometry

    The epipolar geometry then describes the relation between the two resulting views. Epipolar geometry is the geometry of stereo vision. When two cameras view a 3D scene from two distinct positions, there are a number of geometric relations between the 3D points and their projections onto the 2D images that lead to constraints between the image ...

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