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The IGGA was first incorporated in Lakewood, California, in June 1972.In 1995, the IGGA affiliated with the American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA) to represent its newly formed CPR Division, to serve as a technical resource and industry representative in the marketing of grooving, grinding, and CPR/CPP to Departments of Transportation, municipalities, and engineers worldwide.
Ethiopia has 20 cement factories which produce mainly OPC and PPC cement. Two other cement factories are in the pipeline. As of 2017, production capacity in Ethiopian, according to the Ethiopian Reporter, [14] has increased to 15 million tonnes per year, but local consumption is only 6 million tonnes per year.
A concrete grinder is an abrasive machine for grinding and polishing concrete and natural stone. Concrete grinders can come in many configurations, the most common being a hand-held general purpose angle grinder , but it may be a specialized tool for countertops or floors.
Diamond grinding is a pavement preservation technique that corrects a variety of surface imperfections on both concrete and asphalt concrete pavements. Most often utilized on concrete pavement, diamond grinding is typically performed in conjunction with other concrete pavement preservation (CPP) techniques such as road slab stabilization, full- and partial-depth repair, dowel bar retrofit ...
Micro milling is also known as carbide grinding. It is a lower cost alternative to diamond grinding of pavement. [2] Micro milling uses a specialty drum with three to four times as many cutting teeth than a standard milling drum. [12] Micro milling can be used either as the final surface [13] or as a treatment before applying a thin overlay. [12]
Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is a ductile iron pipe with cement lining on the inside surface, and is commonly used for water distribution. Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is governed by standards set forth by DIPRA ( Ductile Iron Pipe Research Association ), and was first used in 1922 in Charleston, South Carolina .
Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) is a common variety of large-diameter concrete pressure pipe used for transporting water and wastewater. PCCP is typical manufactured according to the American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard C304. [ 1 ]
A ^ Drainage basin code assigned by the Department of Water Affairs (South Africa); see for details. B ^ The Limpopo River Basin is not wholly located within South Africa, it straddles four countries, Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. [1]