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The external debt/GDP ratio rose from 42% to 50%, accompanied by increases in the external debt/exports ratio (from 209% to 258%) and the debt service ratio (from 18% to 27%). A deteriorating external debt profile led to a rise in domestic debt, reaching Rs. 909 billion, and a domestic debt/GDP ratio of 42%.
Sterling (ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. [3] The pound is the main unit of sterling, [4] [c] and the word pound is also used to refer to the British currency generally, [7] often qualified in international contexts as the British pound or the pound sterling. [4]
Combined with the prevailing gold-silver ratio of 15, the standard for gold was calculated at 371/15 = 24.73 grains fine gold or 26.98 grains 22K gold. Rounding the latter to 27.0 grains finalized the dollar's standard to 24.75 grains of fine gold or 24.75 × 15 = 371.25 grains = 24.0566 grams = 0.7735 troy ounces of fine silver.
As of 2021, with 3000 pharmaceutical companies and 10,500 manufacturing units, India is the world's third-largest pharmaceutical producer, largest producer of generic medicines and supply up to 50–60% of global vaccines demand, these all contribute up to US$ 24.44 billions in exports and India's local pharmaceutical market is estimated up to ...
In the framework of American federalism, states generally have wide latitude to enact policies within their borders, including state taxation and labor laws.Among the factors that may increase inequality in a state are regressive state tax policies [2] (taxation has played a growing role in diminishing inequality since the 1980s), [3] tax incentives for large companies, [4] corruption, [5 ...
Protesters in New York City call for an increased minimum wage as part of the "Fight for $15" movement to require a US$15 per hour minimum wage, 2015. Minimum wage laws affect workers in most low-paid fields of employment [ 19 ] and have usually been judged against the criterion of reducing poverty. [ 103 ]
An agricultural crisis in 1315 to 1322 and the Black Death in 1348 to 1350 collapsed the population by over a third of its pre-existing number, and the growth rate. [9] By 1377, the population was estimated on a poll-tax of all people aged 14 and over, depending on the population amount of those under 14, to be around 2.2 million to 3.1 million.
According to the UN, the global population reached eight billion in November 2022, [64] but because the growth rate is slowing, it will take another 15 years to reach around 9 billion by 2037 and 20 years to reach 10 billion by 2057. [65] Alternative scenarios for 2050 range from a low of 7.4 billion to a high of more than 10.6 billion. [66]