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  2. Set operations (SQL) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_operations_(SQL)

    MSDN documentation on UNION in Transact-SQL for SQL Server; Naming of select list items in set operations; UNION in MySQL with Examples; UNION in MySQL; UNION Clause in PostgreSQL; SQL UNION and UNION ALL; Sort order within UNION statement; Designing a data flow that loads a warehouse table; Oracle 11g documentation for UNION (ALL), INTERSECT ...

  3. Nested set model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_set_model

    The Nested Set model is appropriate where the tree element and one or two attributes are the only data, but is a poor choice when more complex relational data exists for the elements in the tree. Given an arbitrary starting depth for a category of 'Vehicles' and a child of 'Cars' with a child of 'Mercedes', a foreign key table relationship must ...

  4. Disjoint-set data structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure

    The resulting forest contains a single tree whose root is n, and the path from 1 to n passes through every node in the tree. For this forest, the time to run Find(1) is O(n). In an efficient implementation, tree height is controlled using union by size or union by rank. Both of these require a node to store information besides just its parent ...

  5. PostgreSQL - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostgreSQL

    PostgreSQL claims high, but not complete, conformance with the latest SQL standard ("as of the version 17 release in September 2024, PostgreSQL conforms to at least 170 of the 177 mandatory features for SQL:2023 Core conformance", and no other databases fully conformed to it [79]). One exception is the handling of unquoted identifiers like ...

  6. Comparison of relational database management systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_relational...

    PostgreSQL and some other databases have support for foreign schemas, which is the ability to import schemas from other servers as defined in ISO/IEC 9075-9 (published as part of SQL:2008). This appears like any other schema in the database according to the SQL specification while accessing data stored either in a different database or a ...

  7. Bitmap index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitmap_index

    Since each bitmap represents one distinct value, this is the basic bitmap index. As the column cardinality increases, each bitmap becomes sparse and it may take more disk space to store the bitmaps than to store the same content as RID-lists. In this case, it switches to use the RID-lists, which makes it a B+tree index. [26] [27]

  8. Tagged union - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_union

    In computer science, a tagged union, also called a variant, variant record, choice type, discriminated union, disjoint union, sum type, or coproduct, is a data structure used to hold a value that could take on several different, but fixed, types.

  9. Disjoint union - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint_union

    A disjoint union of an indexed family of sets (:) is a set , often denoted by , with an injection of each into , such that the images of these injections form a partition of (that is, each element of belongs to exactly one of these images). A disjoint union of a family of pairwise disjoint sets is their union.