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Alternative choices include amoxicillin-clavulanate, nitrofurantoin, TMP/SMX, and ciprofloxacin. [44] For the treatment of simple cystitis in children, a five-day oral course of cephalexin is the preferred choice. As for children with suspected pyelonephritis, a ten-day treatment regimen is recommended.
Nitrofurantoin, sold under the brand name Macrobid among others, is an antibacterial medication of the nitrofuran class used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), although it is not as effective for kidney infections. [16] It is taken by mouth. [16] Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and headaches. [16]
Pyelonephritis affects about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women each year and just under 0.5 per 1,000 males. [5] [7] Young adult females are most often affected, followed by the very young and old. [2] With treatment, outcomes are generally good in young adults.
Fosfomycin can be used as an effective treatment for both UTIs and complicated UTIs including acute pyelonephritis. [87] The standard regimen for complicated UTIs is an oral 3g dose administered once every 48 or 72 hours for a total of 3 doses or a 6 grams every 8 hours for 7 days to 14 days when fosfomycin is given in IV form.
Nitrofurantoin — a drug used to treat urinary tract infections [3] Ranbezolid — technically an oxazolidinone antibiotic bearing a nitrofuran group; Antimicrobials. Furaltadone — an antiprotozoal; Furazidine — an antibacterial and antiprotozoal Furaginum — an antibacterial; Furylfuramide — a formerly used food preservative
Together with intravenous antibiotics, drainage [8] —either percutaneous or retrograde with a ureteral stent [9] —has become the cornerstone of treatment since the development of ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scanning. Drainage offers a great outcome with low rates of morbidity and mortality.
These early symptoms can include diarrhea (which is often bloody), stomach cramps, mild fever, [10] or vomiting that results in dehydration and reduced urine. [9] HUS typically develops about 5–10 days after the first symptoms, but can take up to 3 weeks to manifest, and occurs at a time when the diarrhea is improving. [10]
Nifurtoinol (rINN, trade name Urfadyn) is a nitrofuran-derivative antibiotic used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. [citation needed] It is also known as "hydroxymethylnitrofurantoin". [1]