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Equivalent dose is a dose quantity that represents the stochastic health effects of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body. It is derived from the physical quantity absorbed dose, but also takes into account the biological effectiveness of the radiation, which is dependent on the radiation type and energy.
Learn how to calculate the effective dose, a dose quantity that represents the stochastic health risk of low levels of ionizing radiation to the whole body. The effective dose is the tissue-weighted sum of the equivalent doses in all specified tissues and organs, and takes into account the type of radiation and the nature of each organ or tissue being irradiated.
Bioequivalence is a term in pharmacokinetics used to assess the expected in vivo biological equivalence of two preparations of a drug. Learn how bioequivalence is determined by pharmacokinetic studies, what are the regulatory definitions and requirements, and what are the bioequivalence issues and problems.
The sievert (Sv) is a unit in the International System of Units (SI) that represents the stochastic health risk of ionizing radiation, such as the probability of causing radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage. The sievert is used for radiation dose quantities such as equivalent dose, effective dose, and committed dose, and is named after Rolf Maximilian Sievert, a Swedish medical physicist.
Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is the ratio of biological effectiveness of one type of ionizing radiation to another, given the same amount of absorbed energy. RBE varies depending on the radiation type, energy, tissue, and effect, and is used to evaluate radiation risks and consequences.
Dosimetry is the science of measuring, calculating and assessing the ionizing radiation dose absorbed by an object, usually the human body. The web page explains the methods and units of external and internal dosimetry, and the applications in health physics, radiation protection, medical and environmental dosimetry.
The roentgen equivalent man (rem) is a CGS unit of equivalent dose, effective dose, and committed dose, which are used to estimate health effects of ionizing radiation. The millirem (mrem) is one thousandth of a rem and is often used for common dosages, such as medical x-rays and background sources.
Absorbed dose is the measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass. It is used in radiation protection, radiology, and radiation hardening, and can be converted to equivalent or effective dose for stochastic risk assessment.