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Formulations improve the properties of a chemical for handling, storage, application and may substantially influence effectiveness and safety. [ 1 ] Formulation terminology follows a 2-letter convention: ( e.g. GR: granules) listed by CropLife International (formerly GIFAP then GCPF) in the Catalogue of Pesticide Formulation Types (Monograph 2 ...
A manual backpack-type sprayer Space treatment against mosquitoes using a thermal fogger Grubbs Vocational College students spraying Irish potatoes. Pesticide application is the practical way in which pesticides (including herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, or nematode control agents) are delivered to their biological targets (e.g. pest organism, crop or other plant).
Pinpointing the target for control techniques and bridging the gap between laboratory and field via appropriate formulation and application; this has proved especially valuable in the development of biological pesticides (e.g. participation in LUBILOSA [4]). Making application technology more accurate - research on development of nozzles, etc. [5]
Ultra-low volume (ULV) application of pesticides has been defined as spraying at a Volume Application Rate (VAR) of less than 5 L/ha for field crops or less than 50 L/ha for tree/bush crops. VARs of 0.25 – 2 L/ha are typical for aerial ULV application to forest or migratory pests.
A wettable powder (WP) [1] is an insecticide or other pesticide formulation consisting of the active ingredient in a finely ground state combined with wetting agents and sometimes bulking agents. Wettable powders are designed to be applied as a dilute suspension through liquid spraying equipment. As wettable powders are not mixed with water ...
Early twenty-first century pesticide research has focused on developing molecules that combine low use rates and that are more selective, safer, resistance-breaking and cost-effective. Obstacles include increasing pesticide resistance and an increasingly stringent regulatory environment.
Novaluron can be synthesized in a four-step reaction process. First, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol is converted into chloro-4-aminophenol through a reduction reaction . After this first step, an addition reaction with perfluoro-vinyl-perfluoro-methyl ether is conducted to synthesize 3-chloro-4-[1,1,2-trifluoro2-(trifluoromethoxy)-ethoxy]aniline.
These also refer to as Organic Pesticides. Use of trap crops which attract the insects away from the fields. The trap crops are regularly checked and pests are manually removed. Pest larvae which were killed by viruses can be crushed and sprayed over fields, thus killing the remaining larvae. Field sanitation. Timely sowing. Nutrient management.